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دانلود رایگان کتاب (Practical Computer Analysis Switch Mode Power Supplies (Johnny C. Bennett

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کتاب آنالیز محاسبات عملی منابع تغذیه سوئیچ مد (Johnny C. Bennett):

 

Practical Computer Analysis Switch Mode Power Supplies

 

Johnny C. Bennett

Preface

For many years prior to the 1970s, engineers designed and built switch mode power supplies (SMPSs) using methods based largely on intuitive and experimentally derived techniques. In general, these power supplies were able to achieve their primary goal of high-efficiency power conversion; unfortunately, due to the lack of adequate theoretical analysis techniques, many of these power supplies only marginally met their desired performance requirements. In many cases, they were considered to be unreliable. Although they appeared to be very simple in concept, these switching regulators exhibited phenomena that were not understood and certainly could not be analyzed.
Things began to improve, however, in the early 1970s, when Dr. R.D. Middlebrook and his group of students at the California Institute of Technology developed the powerful circuit-averaging techniques, thus opening the door for the application of conventional linear circuit analysis methods. With these tools brought to bear, the many subtle complexities of the conceptually “simple” switching regulator were soon understood, allowing engineers to design SMPSs with improved performance and higher reliability. At this point, the power electronics field began to expand rapidly as better components were developed, power conversion technology advancements were made, and sophisticated computer-aided design and analysis methods were utilized.
Having been in the power electronics field for many years, I have had the good fortune to be involved with the design and analysis of many different types of power supplies. Here in this book, one of my goals is to provide the reader with a good understanding of the essential requirements for analyzing the switching regulated power supply performance characteristics. Another goal is to further demonstrate the power of the circuit-averaging technique by using computer circuit simulation programs to provide the desired performance analyses. At this point, I would like to reference the very important work of Dr. Vincent Bello, who, in his seminal paper, 9 pointed the way to using the SPICE-based computer circuit simulator to perform linear small signal analysis and nonlinear large signal transient performance analysis as well. The simulation techniques presented in this book are based almost entirely on Dr. Bello’s approach. There have been several theoretical and practical contributors to the advancement of the circuit-averaging techniques over the years and I hope that the information presented here can help to further these advancements.
• Chapter 1 is a refresher of the basics of SMPS fundamentals and circuit-averaging modeling. This may also be a primer for the newcomer, but it is recommended that the beginner read the referenced works to obtain a more complete understanding.
• Chapter 2 provides information on the general analysis requirements of a power supply. This is deemed necessary because it is equally important to know what questions to ask as it is to provide the answers.
• Chapter 3 gives information on how to develop the general types of SMPS models and demonstrates the analysis approach using a SPICE-based circuit simulator.
• Chapter 4 looks, in a practical way, at most of the basic first-order types of analysis generally associated with SMPS performance.
• Chapter 5 provides more practical and detailed information on developing an SMPS and SMPS component models.
• In Chapter 6, three power supplies are analyzed in practical detail. In these examples, emphasis is placed on using the circuit-averaging macromodel of the integrated circuit PWM controller. This is felt to simplify and expedite the analysis of a particular design that uses these commercially available controllers. As circuits and systems become larger and more complex, the macromodel approach will continue to increase in importance in almost all areas of electronic circuit analysis. The PWM macromodeling effort presented here will hopefully lead to the future development of many more such macromodels for commercially available PWM controllers, as has been the case with macromodels for transistors, op amps, etc.
• Appendix A deals with the optimal design of SMPS input filters. This is included here simply because of the fundamental importance of this subject to any power supply.
• Appendix B provides the first-order approach used in developing the macromodel for two commercially available PWM controllers.
As was stated earlier, this is only a first step and hopefully will lead to the advancement and further development of these macros. Although they are very important aspects of any switch mode power
supply, the analyses of actual switching circuits per se are not specifically addressed in this book. For our purposes, these switching circuits are considered to be in the realm of conventional electronic circuit transient analysis and not implicitly related to the performance of an SMPS. There may be exceptions to this, of course.
I would like to express my thanks and appreciation to all the wonderful people with whom I have worked over the years who have shared their invaluable knowledge and experiences. I would also like to expressly thank Col. William T. McLyman of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for his encouragement and for being instrumental in producing this book.
Johnny C. Bennett

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